Beginning in 1939, Nazi authorities and their collaborators throughout Europe forced Jews to relocate to ghettos, which isolated them from their non-Jewish neighbors, friends, and fellow citizens. Ranging widely from improvised living quarters in small towns to urban neighborhoods walled off completely from their surroundings, these overcrowded ghettos became a crucial step in the Nazis' attempt to murder all of Europe's Jews.
ghettos
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Black Americans and World War II
Americans and the HolocaustW. E. B. Du Bois: "The Negro and the Warsaw Ghetto"
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Artistic Responses to Persecution
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustWładysław Szlengel, "Bread"
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Artistic Responses to Persecution
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustWładysław Szlengel, "Final Exams"