Beginning in 1939, Nazi authorities and their collaborators throughout Europe forced Jews to relocate to ghettos, which isolated them from their non-Jewish neighbors, friends, and fellow citizens. Ranging widely from improvised living quarters in small towns to urban neighborhoods walled off completely from their surroundings, these overcrowded ghettos became a crucial step in the Nazis' attempt to murder all of Europe's Jews.
ghettos
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Post-Holocaust Testimony
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustDP Camp Trial File of Chaim Chajet
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Post-Holocaust Testimony
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustEichmann Trial Testimony of Abba Kovner
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Postwar Justice
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustEichmann Trial Testimony of Zivia Lubetkin
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Post-Holocaust Testimony
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustFortunoff Oral History with Menachem S.
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Jewish Religious Life and the Holocaust
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustForty-two Weddings in the Łódź Ghetto
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Objects of Memory
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustFriendship Ring from the Riga Ghetto
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Wartime Correspondence
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustLetter from Dawid Najmark to his Family
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Jewish Religious Life and the Holocaust
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustMemoir of Calel Perechodnik
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Holocaust Diaries
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustMemoir of Fryderyk Winnykamień
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Artistic Responses to Persecution
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustNatan Rotenberg, "Peace to the People of Good Will"
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Jewish Community Documents
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustNote Regarding the German Policy of Deliberate Annihilation of European Jewry
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Postwar Justice
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustNotice on the Execution of Jakub Lejkin
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Post-Holocaust Testimony
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustNuremberg Trial Testimony of Avrom Sutzkever
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Medical Care, Nazism, and the Holocaust
Everyday Life: Roles, Motives, and Choices During the HolocaustOral History with Avraham Tory