Beginning in 1939, Nazi authorities and their collaborators throughout Europe forced Jews to relocate to ghettos, which isolated them from their non-Jewish neighbors, friends, and fellow citizens. Ranging widely from improvised living quarters in small towns to urban neighborhoods walled off completely from their surroundings, these overcrowded ghettos became a crucial step in the Nazis' attempt to murder all of Europe's Jews.
ghettos
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German Police and the Nazi Regime
Everyday Life: Roles, Motives, and Choices During the HolocaustOral History with Henry Kanner
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German Police and the Nazi Regime
Everyday Life: Roles, Motives, and Choices During the HolocaustOral History with Solomon Fox
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Jewish Community Documents
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustPetition of Asna Zhurkovska
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Jewish Community Documents
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustPetition of Meir Halle
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German Police and the Nazi Regime
Everyday Life: Roles, Motives, and Choices During the HolocaustPhotograph of German Order Police Publicly Humiliating a Jewish Man
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Roma and Sinti in Nazi Germany
Belonging and Exclusion: Reshaping Society under Nazi RulePhotograph of Romani Section of Lodz Ghetto
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Public Health under the Third Reich
Everyday Life: Roles, Motives, and Choices During the HolocaustPropaganda Poster: “Jews Are Lice: They Cause Typhus”
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Jewish Religious Life and the Holocaust
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustRabbi Shimon Huberband, "On Religious Life"
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Jewish Religious Life and the Holocaust
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustSermon for Chanukah 1941
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Post-Holocaust Testimony
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustShoah Outtake with Gertrude Schneider
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Medical Care, Nazism, and the Holocaust
Everyday Life: Roles, Motives, and Choices During the HolocaustShoah Outtake with Maurice Rossel
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Artists and Visual Culture in Wartime Europe
Everyday Life: Roles, Motives, and Choices During the HolocaustTheresienstadt: A Documentary Film, 1944
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Artists and Visual Culture in Wartime Europe
Everyday Life: Roles, Motives, and Choices During the HolocaustUndated Photos from the Warsaw Ghetto
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Artistic Responses to Persecution
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustUSC Shoah Foundation Oral History with Robert Ness
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Objects of Memory
Jewish Perspectives on the HolocaustViolin Hidden in the Łódź Ghetto